In this article, I am going to explore c#, an OOP language, in order to showcase and understand OOP concepts.

Introduction: - 

C# is an object oriented programming language which is used to develope the various types of application like windows application , web application and android application.

C# is a simple, modern, general-purpose, object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft within its .NET initiative led by Anders Hejlsberg.

To understand more about C# concepts please visit here.

Lets have a look with simple c# program -

using System;
namespace Console_Application
{
    class Intro
    {
        public static void Main(string [] args)
        {
            //this is comment.
            Console.WriteLine("Hello World!");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

OOP Concept:- OOP stand for Object Oriented Programming.

In the class-based object-oriented programming paradigm, “object” refers to a particular instance of a class where the object can be a combination of variables, functions, and data structures. A good understanding of OOPs concepts can help in decision making when designing an application. How you should design an application and what language should be used.Object Oriented programming is a programming style which is associated with the concepts like class,object, Inheritance, 
Encapsulation ,Abstraction, Polymorphism.

Class:- 
A class is a blue print of an object that contains variables for storing data and functions to perform operation on the data.

Class is a reference type variable which consist of data and behavior. Class data is represented to its fields and behavior is represented by its method.

Lets have a look with a simple examle.

public class Human
    {
        //Class fields
        string name = "Javed";
        int age = 22;

        //Class method
        public void printDetails()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Name={0},Id={1}", name , age);
        }
    }

Object:- Object are the basic run-time entities of an object oriented system.They may represent a person,a place or any item.We can say we are the object of Human class.
Example- Here I'm going to create object of  'Human' class which I have created first and invoked the method of it.Which represent the Human details further.

Human mm = new Human();
mm.printDetails();

Inheritance:- When a class use the properties of another class it is known as Inheritance.
Example-Suppose there is class of  'HumanBeing' which contains two common properties like Ear & Mouth. Also there is some action define such as can speak and can hear.

public class HumanBeing
    {
        public bool mouth = true;
        public bool ear = true;

        public void canSpeak()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Yes! can speak.");
        }
        public void canHear()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Yes! can hear.");
        }
    }

Lets create two another class of  'Man' & 'Women' which is inherit from 'HumanBeing'.
Which uses its common properties further.

public class Man : HumanBeing
    {
        public void ManProperties()
        {
            canSpeak();
            canHear();
        }
    }
 public class Women : HumanBeing
    {
        public void WomenProperties()
        {
            canSpeak();
            canHear();
        }

    }
So,the advantage of Inheritance is that we can reuse the code functionality by defining the common properties at one place.